Symptoms

Experiencing women's health symptoms and don't know what they mean?

Find out about symptoms and related conditions in this section

Bleeding after sex

Bleeding that occurs within 24 hours of intercourse, which should be investigated if persistent. Possible causes include polyps, ectropion, and cervical cancer.

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Bleeding between periods

Commonly caused by hormone therapies including oral contraceptives. Persistent bleeding may be due to genital tract infections, polyps, or cervical cancer.

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Break-through bleeding

Spotting between periods while on hormonal contraception, mirena, or copper IUD. Other causes include genital tract infections, ectropion, or early pregnancy.

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Irregular or unscheduled bleeding

Causes include endometriosis, infection, instability of the lining of the womb, ovarian cysts, perimenopause, PCOS, polyps, and early pregnancy.

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Postmenopausal bleeding

This needs to be investigated. Often due to fragile vaginal or endometrial tissue caused by lack of estrogen. Hyperplasia and cancer may be the cause in 5-10% of cases.

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Prolonged periods

Periods that last more than 7 days. Causes include fibroids, polyps, hyperplasia or cancer of the uterus, PCOS, genital tract infection, and endometriosis.

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Heavy periods

High volume, long-lasting periods with flooding, clotting or anaemia. Causes can include fibroids, polyps, hyperplasia, PCOS, infection, or endometriosis.

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Painful periods

Pain, discomfort or cramps around the time of menstruation. Can be due to prostaglandin production, or caused by endometriosis or adenomyosis.

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Painful bowel movements

Causes include constipation, anal fissures, IBS and severe endometriosis. Extremely painful periods and pain with deep intercourse may also occur.

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Persistent pelvic pain

Defined as pelvic pain lasting more than 6 months. Causes can include ovarian cysts and urinary tract infections, but can be elusive and hard to diagnose.

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Infertility

Women may have problems with tubal blockage, endometriosis, ovulation, egg numbers or quality. Men may have issues with sperm quantity or quality.

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Urinary incontinence

The two main types are 'stress' and 'urge' incontinence. Caused by giving birth and overactive bladder, respectively. Can also be caused by infection or prolapse.

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